Die ältesten Zeugnisse der Einwohner Erbes Bereich nun als Deutschland zum ersten Mal in das Tal des Neckars bei Heidelberg entdeckt, genau an der Gemeinde Mauer, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg, dem Unterkiefer von der Art des Menschen als Homo heidelbergensis bekannt (im Alter etwa 600.000 bis 500.000 Jahre). Darüber hinaus entdeckten die Überreste des Homo steinheimensis, insbesondere der Speer Schöningen. Von H. heidelbergensis scheint Nachkommen namens Homo neanderthalensis, die rund 130.000 Jahre alt bleibt, zu einer Zeit, als Europa begann die letzte Eiszeit geben. Sie so lange wie 100.000 Jahre, bevor sie schließlich ausgestorben.
Zu Beginn der Eiszeit endete, vor etwa 30.000 Jahren, wird die Fläche von Deutschland praktisch unbewohnt, weil es nicht in der Lage ist die Erhaltung des Lebens.
Zeichen der neuen Bewohner kam nach, mit den Ergebnissen, die angeblich aus der Cro-Magnon Erbe kam. Die Entwicklung der Zivilisation auf die kulturelle Ebene einen neuen Stein (Neolithikum) Insassen wurden neben genommen. Sie sind dafür bekannt gewesen vertraut mit Landwirtschaft, Viehzucht haben, und fing an zu begleichen. Darüber hinaus entdeckten die Überreste des Kindes perundagian (gefunden Blech mit einem Sweep von Gold aus der Bronzezeit und Himmel Bild in Sachsen-Anhalt. Relics Alter 2000 Jahre v. Chr. Dies zeigt die grundlegende astronomische Kenntnisse.
Senin, 29 Oktober 2012
Minggu, 28 Oktober 2012
ADOLF HITLER PROFILE
ADOLF HITLER PROFILE
German Führer
Tenure
2 August 1934-30 April 1945
Preceded by Paul von Hindenburg
as president
Substitutes: Karl Dönitz
as president
Reichskanzler (Chancellor) Germany
Tenure
30 January 1933-30 April 1945
Predecessor: Kurt von Schleicher
Substitutes: Joseph Goebbels
Born: 20 April 1889
Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary
Died: 30 April 1945 (age 56)
Berlin, Germany
Nationality: German
Political parties: NSDAP
Husband / Wife: Eva Braun
died on 29 April 1945)
Signature
Childhood
Adolf Hitler was born at the Gasthof zum Pommer, an inn in Braunau am Inn, Austria, near Germany on 20 April 1889 as the fourth child of six children. Adolf Hitler's father, Alois Hitler (1837-1903), was an employee of the customs office. While his mother, Klara Polzl (1860-1907), was the third wife of Alois. Hitler family moved from Braunau am Inn to Passau, Lambach, Leonding, and Linz.
Small Hitler was a good student at school in junior high school (elementary school). But in the sixth grade, his first year at secondary school (high school), he failed and had to repeat the class.
Hitler later stated that the failure was due to the rebellion of his father, Adolf Hitler who wanted to follow a career as an employee of the customs. Adolf Hitler wanted to be a painter than to follow his father's footsteps. After Alois died on January 3, 1903, no significant progress in education at the school. At age 16, he left school without any title.
Early adulthood
From 1905, Hitler Bohemian life in Vienna with the support of his mother. He was rejected twice by the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (1907-1908). On December 21, 1907, Hitler's mother died of breast cancer at age 47. Ordered by the court Linz, Hitler gave his share of the pension (as orphans) to his sister Paula. When he was 21, he received an inheritance from his aunt. Hitler struggled as a painter in Vienna, copying pictures from postcards and selling his paintings to tourists. After being rejected a second time in art school, Hitler ran out of money. In 1909, he lived at the shelter for the homeless. Hitler received the final part of the wealth of his father in May 1913 and moved to Munich. Hitler's move to Munich also helped him avoid military service in Austria but the Austrian army finally caught him. Upon physical examination, Hitler declared ineligible for military duty and allowed to return to Munich. However, when Germany entered World War I in August 1914, Hitler petitioned King Ludwig III of Bavaria to allow him to serve in Bavarian regiment. The petition was granted, and Adolf Hitler was recorded in the Bavarian army.
World War I
Hitler served in France and Belgium in the 16th Regiment Reserves Bavaria, ending the war as a Gefreiter (equivalent to a British soldier in the army chief and the U.S. at the time). He was involved in a major battle on the Western Front, including the Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle of Ypres (October 1914), known in German as Kindermord bei ypern (slaughter of Innocent People), sacrificed about 40,000 people (between one-third to one-half) of the nine infantry was killed in twenty days, and Hitler's own company was reduced from 250 to 42 people in December. Hitler twice to obtain service medal for his bravery. He received a service medal Iron Cross, Second Class service in 1914 and stars Iron Cross, First Class in 1918, a rare honor received by a Gefreiter. However, because the regimental staff thought Hitler lacked leadership skills, he was never promoted to Unteroffizier (equivalent to British corporal). Another historian said he was not promoted because he was not German nationality. On October 15, 1918, Hitler was sent to the field hospital, due to temporary blindness caused by mustard gas attack.
Nazi
Hitler then directly involved in politics and became caretaker German Workers Party (German: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei / DAP) in July 1921. Hitler used berpidatonya ability to become chairman of the party. He then exchanged names DAP to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) or Nazi party.
In 1929 the NSDAP a majority winner in the general election in the city of Coburg, and then won the regional elections Thüringen. President of the German period, Paul von Hindenburg appoint Hitler as Chancellor ended.
The reign
During his reign before World War II. Hitler ruled by establishing economic equality, increasing jobs and means of public services and public projects. One contribution to the automotive world is the proposal to create inexpensive vehicles covered by the German people finally realized in the form of a Volkswagen (VW).
In June 1934, on a night that was identified as Night Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer) Hitler kill all opponents of the Nazi Party that Roehm and other leaders of the SA (Sturm Abteilungen). Hitler blamed the Jews for communism and the bad economic situation and gained military support to implement the political development of German military equipment. Hitler blamed, attacked, and killed communists and Jews because Hitler had a personal grudge on people - communists and Jews, revenge haunts during his lifetime.
World War II and the Fall
In September 1939, Hitler invaded Poland with the blitzkrieg tactics of attack (ground attack, air crash) achieved a surprising triumph of the enemy and his own generals. The attack on Poland led his enemies Britain and France declared war on Germany, that began with World War II.
During World War II, the British led by Sir Winston Churchill who replaced Arthur Neville Chamberlain were dropped due to the scandal of the Nazi invasion of Poland 1939, France led by General Gamelin, who was appointed as supreme allied command failed to withstand lightning strikes Germany to Belgium and France, the French eventually led by General Charles de Gaulle, who led the French resistance forces in the Vichy government, and help the United States-led General Eisenhower as commander of the European theater in the United States despite previously reluctant to get involved in wars that were previously regarded as a European war.
After a long war, and after the defeat in every battle, Hitler realized that defeat was inevitable. Early defeat Hitler is now attacking the Soviet Union with the City of Kursk Operation Citadel, German forces consisted of 800,000 infantry, 2,700 armored tanks, 2,000 aircraft and headed by General Erich Von Manstein and General Walther Models while the power of the Soviet Union consisted of 1.3 million infantry , 3,600 tanks, and 2,400 aircraft. Plan of attack has been known in detail by the Soviet intelligence was in Switzerland. Stalin immediately ordered his troops to build up a strong defense in the Kursk region. In this battle a lot of tanks - tanks mainstay of Germany and the Soviet Union was destroyed, including Tiger Tank, Panther, Elefant (German) and Tank T-34, SU -152, and KV -1. Germany suffered a blow deadly blows at Stalingrad and attack the allies in Normandy and the Ardennes Offensive failed, that counter attack made the German army or Wehrmacht and some remaining panzer divisions led by General Mantauffel during winter to retake city of Antwerp in Belgium. This attack took place a stumbling - seok and end up failing due to lack of logistics and supply fuel for Panzer Panzer from Germany so many are still "Fresh from the Oven" like Tiger and Panther tanks sitting on the side of the road because it ran out of diesel.
Hitler realized his downfall was imminent and then married his mistress Eva Braun, committed suicide together on 30 April 1945. His body was burned so as not to fall into enemy hands, and after Hitler's death a few days later Germany finally surrendered to the Russian party and allies. After World War 2 ended, Germany was divided into two regions, namely West Germany who are in power and the East German allies who are in power Soviet Union. This happens due to the Cold War. But at the end of the 20th century two separate German territory was finally reunited, after the collapse and destruction of the Berlin Wall.
Hitler and Mussolini, two blocks Axis leaders of World War II.
source
Sabtu, 27 Oktober 2012
colonial era
The
British tried to establish settlements on Roanoke Island in 1585, but
did not last long. [6] In 1607, the first British settlement can survive
standing in Jamestown, Virginia. The settlement was founded by John Smith, John Rolfe, and other British people who are interested in wealth and adventure. Colonies in Virginia almost failed to survive because of disease and starvation, but it works because of tobacco. [7]Ship Mayflower Pilgrim Fathers brought to America.
In 1621, a group of English people who called Pilgrim Fathers (those who fled due to dispute with the church) settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Larger colonies built by the Puritan Massachusetts Bay in 1630. Instead of finding gold, Pilgrims and Puritans more interested in creating a better society, which they dubbed the "city on a hill." [8] Roger Williams, who was kicked out of Massachusetts, founded the colony of Rhode Island in 1636.
Britain is not the only country who settled in what is now the United States. In the 1500's, the Spanish established the fort in Saint Augustine, Florida. [9] French settled in Canada and the area around the Great Lakes. The Dutch established a colony in New York, which they called Nieuw Nederland. Other areas dimukimi by Scots-Irish, German, and Swedish. [10]
Development of the colony is a bad thing for Native Americans. They lost their land, and many of those who died from variola, diseases Europeans brought to America.
In the early 1700s, the emerging religious movement called the Awakening Movement. [11] Awakening Movement was one of the first events in American history that a "big move", or something that involves a lot of Americans. Revival movement, along with the Salem Witch Punishment, is a response to the current U.S. situation, and may affect the rationale used in the American Revolution. [12]
In 1733, there were thirteen colonies. The colonies are usually grouped into New England (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut), the Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and South (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). New England had small farms, and more reliant on fishing, shipping, and small industries. [13] Southern Colonies had tobacco and cotton plantations. The gardens were originally worked by workers who are willing to work a few years with the entrance to the American wage and land, and by the slaves. Middle colonies have small farms, and is known to have diverse cultures and beliefs. [14]
Thirteenth colony tied to "Atlantic economy", which involves the use of ships for the slave trade, tobacco, rum, sugar, gold, spices, fish, timber, and manufactured goods, the United States, the West Indies, Europe, and Africa. [15] [16] New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Charleston is a city and major port in those days. [17]
From the year 1754 until 1763, Britain and France engaged in a war called the Seven Years War. England managed to win the war. France handed over to the British colony in Canada, and handed Louisiana to Spain; Spanish handed Florida to Britain. Furthermore, Britain issued the Proclamation of 1763, which states that people living in the thirteen colonies could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
In 1621, a group of English people who called Pilgrim Fathers (those who fled due to dispute with the church) settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Larger colonies built by the Puritan Massachusetts Bay in 1630. Instead of finding gold, Pilgrims and Puritans more interested in creating a better society, which they dubbed the "city on a hill." [8] Roger Williams, who was kicked out of Massachusetts, founded the colony of Rhode Island in 1636.
Britain is not the only country who settled in what is now the United States. In the 1500's, the Spanish established the fort in Saint Augustine, Florida. [9] French settled in Canada and the area around the Great Lakes. The Dutch established a colony in New York, which they called Nieuw Nederland. Other areas dimukimi by Scots-Irish, German, and Swedish. [10]
Development of the colony is a bad thing for Native Americans. They lost their land, and many of those who died from variola, diseases Europeans brought to America.
In the early 1700s, the emerging religious movement called the Awakening Movement. [11] Awakening Movement was one of the first events in American history that a "big move", or something that involves a lot of Americans. Revival movement, along with the Salem Witch Punishment, is a response to the current U.S. situation, and may affect the rationale used in the American Revolution. [12]
In 1733, there were thirteen colonies. The colonies are usually grouped into New England (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut), the Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and South (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). New England had small farms, and more reliant on fishing, shipping, and small industries. [13] Southern Colonies had tobacco and cotton plantations. The gardens were originally worked by workers who are willing to work a few years with the entrance to the American wage and land, and by the slaves. Middle colonies have small farms, and is known to have diverse cultures and beliefs. [14]
Thirteenth colony tied to "Atlantic economy", which involves the use of ships for the slave trade, tobacco, rum, sugar, gold, spices, fish, timber, and manufactured goods, the United States, the West Indies, Europe, and Africa. [15] [16] New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Charleston is a city and major port in those days. [17]
From the year 1754 until 1763, Britain and France engaged in a war called the Seven Years War. England managed to win the war. France handed over to the British colony in Canada, and handed Louisiana to Spain; Spanish handed Florida to Britain. Furthermore, Britain issued the Proclamation of 1763, which states that people living in the thirteen colonies could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg
Johannes
Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was born in Mainz around 1398,
Germany, listed as an inventor of the printing press the first time, the
youngest son of the merchant class Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden, from
his second wife Else Wyrich. According
to some reports Friele was a goldsmith for the bishop at Mainz, but
most likely he was also doing cloth trade as a source of income. Gutenberg birth year is not exactly known but most likely around 1398.
He received his initial training as a goldsmith. In 1411, an uprising in Mainz, so he had to move to Strasbourg and lived there for 20 years. In Strasbourg, he lives by making barangan menyarai metal. Gutenberg mirror produces small ornaments for sale to salvation for Christian Religious Council. He then returned to Mainz and worked as a jeweler.
Idea Gutenberg paramount sparked when he worked as a goldsmith in Mainz. He got the idea to produce fruit with pardons cop form letters to print a letter of forgiveness to many that he should get a lot of money to pay its debts when he worked as a metal first. In those books and letters written by his gothic script by hand and contains a lot of errors when copying and slow.
By then, Gutenbert first letter makes reference to the use of lead metal to form a gothic script letters. In the beginning Gutenberg had produced nearly 300 form letters to imitate the handwriting in a row. After Gutenberg's printing press that moves them to print. The printing press is the greatest contribution Gutenberg move. After perfecting printing press movement, first Gutenberg printing a thousand pardons were misused by the Catholic Church to get money. Misuse of a stem emergence as the cantankerous than sesetengah Martin Luther.
In 1452, Gutenberg borrowing money than Johann Fust to initiate projects biblenya famous printing. However Gutenberg has been fired rather than deal with it before printing Bibal It is prepared entirely due Gutenberg printing accused pardons, calendars and books aktiviti light as a byproduct. However terhasil Bible which is still recognizable as the Gutenberg Bible which contains 42 lines of each face was prepared on 15 August 1456 and is considered the oldest printed book in the western world. Two hundred copies of volume Gutenberg Bible was printed, partly small (approximately 50) printed on calf leather (vellum). Gutenberg Bible are pretty expensive and it is sold at a price commensurate with the three-year salary of an ordinary clerk. He sold Franfurt Book Fair in 1456. Roughly about 1/4 Gutenberg Bible still form today.
In addition to being peneroka field of printing, Gutenberg also create side printing materials such as cop dakwat and letters. Dakwat used is a mixture of oil, copper, and lead is still everlasting color. It is different than regular paper dakwat kerana dakwat printing is more dense and sticky. Gutenberg also has perfected the alloy to form a joint letter cop lead, antimony and tin are used so that the conserved 20th century.
Gutenberg is also believed to work early to prepare for the Encyclopedia Catholicon of Johannes de Janua, thick face 748 with 2 rooms each advance and 66 rows every single room. At the end of his life he was accepted as an accompanist (courtier) to the archbishop of Mainz. Gutenberg died in 1468 and buried in the Franciscan church, Mainz.
He received his initial training as a goldsmith. In 1411, an uprising in Mainz, so he had to move to Strasbourg and lived there for 20 years. In Strasbourg, he lives by making barangan menyarai metal. Gutenberg mirror produces small ornaments for sale to salvation for Christian Religious Council. He then returned to Mainz and worked as a jeweler.
Idea Gutenberg paramount sparked when he worked as a goldsmith in Mainz. He got the idea to produce fruit with pardons cop form letters to print a letter of forgiveness to many that he should get a lot of money to pay its debts when he worked as a metal first. In those books and letters written by his gothic script by hand and contains a lot of errors when copying and slow.
By then, Gutenbert first letter makes reference to the use of lead metal to form a gothic script letters. In the beginning Gutenberg had produced nearly 300 form letters to imitate the handwriting in a row. After Gutenberg's printing press that moves them to print. The printing press is the greatest contribution Gutenberg move. After perfecting printing press movement, first Gutenberg printing a thousand pardons were misused by the Catholic Church to get money. Misuse of a stem emergence as the cantankerous than sesetengah Martin Luther.
In 1452, Gutenberg borrowing money than Johann Fust to initiate projects biblenya famous printing. However Gutenberg has been fired rather than deal with it before printing Bibal It is prepared entirely due Gutenberg printing accused pardons, calendars and books aktiviti light as a byproduct. However terhasil Bible which is still recognizable as the Gutenberg Bible which contains 42 lines of each face was prepared on 15 August 1456 and is considered the oldest printed book in the western world. Two hundred copies of volume Gutenberg Bible was printed, partly small (approximately 50) printed on calf leather (vellum). Gutenberg Bible are pretty expensive and it is sold at a price commensurate with the three-year salary of an ordinary clerk. He sold Franfurt Book Fair in 1456. Roughly about 1/4 Gutenberg Bible still form today.
In addition to being peneroka field of printing, Gutenberg also create side printing materials such as cop dakwat and letters. Dakwat used is a mixture of oil, copper, and lead is still everlasting color. It is different than regular paper dakwat kerana dakwat printing is more dense and sticky. Gutenberg also has perfected the alloy to form a joint letter cop lead, antimony and tin are used so that the conserved 20th century.
Gutenberg is also believed to work early to prepare for the Encyclopedia Catholicon of Johannes de Janua, thick face 748 with 2 rooms each advance and 66 rows every single room. At the end of his life he was accepted as an accompanist (courtier) to the archbishop of Mainz. Gutenberg died in 1468 and buried in the Franciscan church, Mainz.
MICHAEL FARADAY
Michael
Faraday was born in 1791 in Newington, England, noted as the first
inventor of the dynamo, i the age of fourteen he was an apprentice so
builders volumes and selling books, and he used this opportunity many
people read books like crazy. When stepping age twenty, he visited the lectures given by renowned British scientist Sir Humphry Davy. Faraday was fascinated and gaping-gaping. He wrote a letter to Davy and short stories lady luck accepted as his assistant. Within a few years, Faraday was able to make new discoveries on the results of his own creation. Although he did not have sufficient background in mathematics, as a natural scientist he was unchallenged.
Faraday first important discovery in the field of electricity occurred in 1821. Oersted two years earlier had found that the magnetic needle compass can be shifted if the normal electrical current flowed in the wire are not far apart. These make Faraday concluded, if the magnet diketatkan, moving it wires. Working on the basis of these allegations, he managed to make a clear scheme where the wire will constantly rotating magnet adjacent to all electrical power is applied to the wire. Indeed, in this case the Faraday had discovered the first electric motor, a first scheme uses an electric current to create something moving objects. No matter how primitive, Faraday's discovery of an "ancestor" of all electric motors used today's world.
This is an outstanding pacesetter. However, its practical usefulness is limited utility, as long as there is a method to drive electric current from the battery chemistry than simple at the time. Faraday sure, there must be a way of using magnets for electric drive, and he's constantly looking for a way how to find the method. Now, the magnetic sedentary does not affect the electric current adjacent to the wire. But in 1831, Faraday discovered that when a magnet passed through a piece of wire, current will flow in the wire while the magnet moves. This is called "electro magnetic influence," and this is called a "Faraday's law" and is generally considered the most important discoveries of Faraday and greatest.
This is a monumental discovery, for two reasons. First, the "Faraday's law" has a fundamental importance in relation to our theoretical understanding of electro-magnetic. Secondly, electro magnetic can be used to drive continuous electric current as demonstrated by the Faraday through manufacturing the first electric dynamo. Although the power generator to supply power our cities and factories today is much more perfect than what is done Faraday, but all based on a similar principle to the effect of electro-magnetic.
Faraday also contributed in the field of chemistry. He made a plan to change the gas so fluid, she finds various types of chemicals, including benzene. More importantly, the work of his efforts in the field of electro chemistry (chemical investigation due to electrical current). Faraday investigation with great precision to produce two laws "elektrolysis" which penyebutannya coupled with his name which is the basis of the electro chemistry. He also popularized a lot of the terms used in the field such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion
Faraday first important discovery in the field of electricity occurred in 1821. Oersted two years earlier had found that the magnetic needle compass can be shifted if the normal electrical current flowed in the wire are not far apart. These make Faraday concluded, if the magnet diketatkan, moving it wires. Working on the basis of these allegations, he managed to make a clear scheme where the wire will constantly rotating magnet adjacent to all electrical power is applied to the wire. Indeed, in this case the Faraday had discovered the first electric motor, a first scheme uses an electric current to create something moving objects. No matter how primitive, Faraday's discovery of an "ancestor" of all electric motors used today's world.
This is an outstanding pacesetter. However, its practical usefulness is limited utility, as long as there is a method to drive electric current from the battery chemistry than simple at the time. Faraday sure, there must be a way of using magnets for electric drive, and he's constantly looking for a way how to find the method. Now, the magnetic sedentary does not affect the electric current adjacent to the wire. But in 1831, Faraday discovered that when a magnet passed through a piece of wire, current will flow in the wire while the magnet moves. This is called "electro magnetic influence," and this is called a "Faraday's law" and is generally considered the most important discoveries of Faraday and greatest.
This is a monumental discovery, for two reasons. First, the "Faraday's law" has a fundamental importance in relation to our theoretical understanding of electro-magnetic. Secondly, electro magnetic can be used to drive continuous electric current as demonstrated by the Faraday through manufacturing the first electric dynamo. Although the power generator to supply power our cities and factories today is much more perfect than what is done Faraday, but all based on a similar principle to the effect of electro-magnetic.
Faraday also contributed in the field of chemistry. He made a plan to change the gas so fluid, she finds various types of chemicals, including benzene. More importantly, the work of his efforts in the field of electro chemistry (chemical investigation due to electrical current). Faraday investigation with great precision to produce two laws "elektrolysis" which penyebutannya coupled with his name which is the basis of the electro chemistry. He also popularized a lot of the terms used in the field such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion
DAFTAR PENEMU DI DUNIA
Daftar Penemu di Dunia
Berikut Daftar Para Penemu di DuniaPenemu Mesin uap Adalah James Watt Berasal dari Negara Inggris
Penemu Mesin 4 tak Adalah Nicolaus Otto Berasal dari Negara Jerman
Penemu Mesin diesel Adalah Rudolf Diesel Berasal dari Negara Jerman
Penemu Mesin cetak Adalah Johannes Guttenberg Berasal dari Negara Jerman
Penemu Mesin ketik Adalah Christopher Sholes Berasal dari Negara Amerika
Penemu Radio Adalah C. Marconi Berasal dari Negara Italia
Penemu Televisi Adalah J.L. Baird & C.F. Jenkins Berasal dari Negara Amerika
Penemu Telegrap Adalah Samuel F.B. Morse Berasal dari Negara Amerika Serikat
Penemu Telepon Adalah Alexander Graham Bell Berasal dari Negara Amerika Serikat (Versi Lama)
Penemu Telepon Adalah Antonio Meucci Berasal dari Negara Italia (Versi Baru)
Penemu Dinamo Adalah Michael Faraday Berasal dari Negara Inggris
Penemu Elektromagnet Adalah Williarn Sturgeon Berasal dari Negara Inggris
Penemu Bola lampu Adalah Thomas Alva Edison Berasal dari Negara Amerika Serikat
Penemu Proyektor film Adalah Thomas Alva Edison Berasal dari Negara Amerika Serikat
Penemu Piringan hitam Adalah Alexander Graham Bell Berasal dari Negara Amerika Serikat
Penemu Batu baterai Adalah Volta Berasal dari Negara Italia
Penemu Termometer Adalah Galileo Galilei Berasal dari Negara Italia
Penemu Korek api Adalah Robert Boyle, John Walker Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Kapal api Adalah Robert Fulton Berasal dari Negara Amerika Serikat
Penemu Kapal selam Adalah Cornelius van Drebbel Berasal dari Negara Belanda
Penemu Sinar Rontgen Adalah Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen Berasal dari Negara Jerman
Penemu Stetoskop Adalah Rene Laennec Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Lensa Adalah Anthony Van Leuwenhook Berasal dari Negara Belanda
Penemu Mikroskop Adalah Zacharias Janssen Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Teleskop Adalah H. Lippershey Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Kamera Adalah Louis Jacques Monde da Guerre & Edwin Land Berasal dari Negara Amerika
Penemu Pesawat terbang Adalah Wilbur dan 0. Wright Berasal dari Negara Amerika
Penemu Kereta api Adalah Murdocks Berasal dari Negara Inggris
Penemu Sepeda Adalah Civrac Berasal dari Negara Prancis
Penemu Balon terbang Adalah Sir F. Whittle Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Balon karet Adalah Josep dan J. Montgolfier Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Ban karet Adalah Charles Goodyear Berasal dari Negara Amerika
Penemu Barometer Adalah Evangelista, Torricelli Berasal dari Negara Italia
Penemu Dinamit Adalah Alfred Nobel Berasal dari Negara Swedia
Penemu Lensa kaca mata Adalah Benyamin Franklin Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Mesin hitung Adalah Blaise Pascal Berasal dari Negara Prancis
Penemu Mobil Adalah Gottlich Daimler Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Motor Adalah Nikola Tesla Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Tank Adalah Sir Ernest Swinton Berasal dari Negara Inggris
Penemu Traktor Adalah Benyamin Holt Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Tangga jalan Adalah Elis G. Otis Berasal dari Negara
Penemu Kawat pijar Adalah Irving Langmuir Berasal dari Negara
Edisi Revisi Terbaru 2009
1. Mesin uap James Watt (Inggris), tahun 1765
2. Mesin 4 tak Nicolaus Otto (Jerman)
3. Mesin diesel Rudolf Diesel (AS), tahun 1897
4. Mesin cetak Johannes Guttenberg (Jerman)
5. Mesin tik Sholes, tahun 1868
6. Radio Marconi (Italia), tahun 1895
7. Televisi J. Lagie Baird dan C.F. Jenkins (Inggris)tahun 1920
8. Telegrap Samuel F.B. Morse (AS), tahun 1837
9. Telepon Alexander Graham Bell (AS), tahun 1876
10. Dinamo Michael Faraday (Inggris), tahun 1831
11 Elektromagnet William Sturgeon, tahun 1823
12. Bola lampu Thomas Alfa Edison (AS)
13. Proyektor film Thomas Alva Edison (AS), tahun 1893
14. Piringan Hitam Alexander Graham Bell (AS)
15. Batu baterei Volta (Italia)
16. Termometer Galileo Galilei (Italia), tahun 1593
17. Korek api John Walker
18. Kapal api Robert Fulton (AS), tahun 1807
19. Kapal selam Cornelius van Drebbel (Belanda)
20. Sinar Rontgen Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (Jerman)
21. Stetoskop Rene Laennec
22. Lensa Anthony van Leuwenhook (Belanda)
23. Mikroskop Zacharias Jansens, tahun 1590
24. Teleskop H. Lippershey, tahun 1608
25. Kamera George Eastman, tahun 1888
26. Pesawat terbang Wilbur dan 0. Wright, tahun 1903
27. Kereta api Murdocks (Inggris)
28. Sepeda Civrac (Prancis)
Penemuan dari masa ke masa :
kl 4000 SM Batu-bata Mesir dan Assiria
kl 3000 SM Roda Asia
kl 3000 SM Pembajak Sawah Mesir dan Mesopotamia
kl 500 SM Sempoa Cina
kl 300 SM Ilmu ukur Euclid, yunani
kl 200 SM Sekrup Archimedes, Yunani
105 M Kertas pulp Tsai Lun, Cina
Joseph John Thomson
Joseph John Thomson atau lebih dikenal sebagai J.J Thomson (1856-1940) seorang Fisikawan Inggris tercatat sebagai penemu elektron
yang merupakan bagian dari atom, dia juga memperoleh nobel fisika atas
penemuannya itu. Lahir di Creetham Hill, pinggiran kota Manchester pada
tanggal 18 Desember 1856. Dia menjadi penceramah tahun 1883, dan menjadi
profesor tahun 1918. Dia adalah professor fisika eksperimental di
laboratorium Cavendish, Cambridge, dimana dia menggantikan John Strutt,
3rd Baron Rayleigh, dari tahun 1884 sampai tahun 1918 dan menjadi
profesor fisika terhormat di Cambridge dan Royal Institution, London.
Dalam penelitiannya dia mempelajari bahwa tabung katoda pada kondisi vakum parsial (hampir vakum) yang diberi tegangan tinggi akan mengeluarkan “berkas sinar” dimana Thomson menyebut sinar ini sebagai “berkas sinar katoda” disebabkan berkas sinar ini berasal dari katoda (elektroda negative). Berkas sinar katoda ini apabila didekatkan dengan medan listrik negative maka akan dibelokan (berkas sinar katoda ini tertolak oleh medan negative), berdasarkan hal ini maka Thomson menyatakan bahwa berkas sinar katoda itu adalah partikel-partikel yang bermuatan negative yang ia sebut sebagai “corpuscle”.
Dia juga meyakini bahwa corpuscle itu berasal dari atom-atom logam yang dipakai sebagai elektroda pada tabung katoda. Dengan menggunakan jenis logam yang berbeda-beda sebagai elektroda yang dia gunakan pada tabung katoda maka percobaan Thomson tetap menghasilkan berkas sinar katoda yang sama. Akhirnya Thomson menyimpulkan bahwa setiap atom pasti tersusun atas corpuscle. Corpuscle yang ditemukan oleh Thomson ini kemudian disebut sebagai “electron” oleh G. Johnstone Stoney. Dari asumsi tersebut dia akhirnya meyakini bahwa atom sebenarnya tidak berbentuk masiv (berbentuk bulatan yang pejal) akan tetapi tersusun atas komponen-komponen penyususun atom.
Di alam atom berada dalam keadaan yang stabil dan memiliki muatan yang netral, dengan demikian Thomson lebih lanjut mengasumsikan bahwa didalam atom itu sendiri pasti terdapat bagian yang bermuatan positif. Dari asumsi tersebut maka Thomson mengajukan struktur atom sebagai bulatan awan bermuatan posistif dengan elektron yang terdistribusi random di dalamnya. Model atom Thomson ini lebih dikenal sebagai “plum pudding model” atau dalam bahasa Indonesia dikenal sebagai “model roti kismis”. Untuk memudahkan membayangkan model atom ini maka Anda harus membayangkan sebuah roti dalam bentuk bola yang didalamnya terdapat kismis yang menyebar merata secara random.
Dalam penelitiannya dia mempelajari bahwa tabung katoda pada kondisi vakum parsial (hampir vakum) yang diberi tegangan tinggi akan mengeluarkan “berkas sinar” dimana Thomson menyebut sinar ini sebagai “berkas sinar katoda” disebabkan berkas sinar ini berasal dari katoda (elektroda negative). Berkas sinar katoda ini apabila didekatkan dengan medan listrik negative maka akan dibelokan (berkas sinar katoda ini tertolak oleh medan negative), berdasarkan hal ini maka Thomson menyatakan bahwa berkas sinar katoda itu adalah partikel-partikel yang bermuatan negative yang ia sebut sebagai “corpuscle”.
Dia juga meyakini bahwa corpuscle itu berasal dari atom-atom logam yang dipakai sebagai elektroda pada tabung katoda. Dengan menggunakan jenis logam yang berbeda-beda sebagai elektroda yang dia gunakan pada tabung katoda maka percobaan Thomson tetap menghasilkan berkas sinar katoda yang sama. Akhirnya Thomson menyimpulkan bahwa setiap atom pasti tersusun atas corpuscle. Corpuscle yang ditemukan oleh Thomson ini kemudian disebut sebagai “electron” oleh G. Johnstone Stoney. Dari asumsi tersebut dia akhirnya meyakini bahwa atom sebenarnya tidak berbentuk masiv (berbentuk bulatan yang pejal) akan tetapi tersusun atas komponen-komponen penyususun atom.
Di alam atom berada dalam keadaan yang stabil dan memiliki muatan yang netral, dengan demikian Thomson lebih lanjut mengasumsikan bahwa didalam atom itu sendiri pasti terdapat bagian yang bermuatan positif. Dari asumsi tersebut maka Thomson mengajukan struktur atom sebagai bulatan awan bermuatan posistif dengan elektron yang terdistribusi random di dalamnya. Model atom Thomson ini lebih dikenal sebagai “plum pudding model” atau dalam bahasa Indonesia dikenal sebagai “model roti kismis”. Untuk memudahkan membayangkan model atom ini maka Anda harus membayangkan sebuah roti dalam bentuk bola yang didalamnya terdapat kismis yang menyebar merata secara random.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)